Инвентарь#
Инвентарь – это совокупность управляемых узлов.
Описание инвентаря или инвентарный список – это файл или другой источник данных, который определяет, какие узлы входят в инвентарь и какие параметры узлов надо использовать. Описание инвентаря может быть представлено несколькими способами:
файл формата INI;
файл формата YAML;
динамический инвентарь.
В самом простом случае достаточно указать для каждого управляемого узла только его IP-адрес:
[all]
192.168.56.11
192.168.56.12
192.168.56.13
---
all:
hosts:
192.168.56.11:
192.168.56.12:
192.168.56.13:
Также допускается использовать доменные имена, например:
[all]
dc01.example.com
dc02.example.com
dc03.example.com
---
all:
hosts:
dc01.example.com:
dc02.example.com:
dc03.example.com:
В этом случае разрешение доменного имени каждого узла в IP-адрес происходит путем обращения к системной службе разрешения имен.
В Astra Linux настройки этой службы хранятся в файле /etc/nsswitch.conf.
По умолчанию в нем указан следующий порядок разрешения имен:
Проверка записей, хранящихся в файле
/etc/hosts.Обращение к серверу DNS, указанному в настройках сети.
Чтобы сделать инвентарь не зависящим от службы разрешения имен, в описании каждого узла укажите в поле ansible_host его IP-адрес, например:
[all]
dc01.example.com ansible_host=192.168.56.11
dc02.example.com ansible_host=192.168.56.12
dc03.example.com ansible_host=192.168.56.13
---
all:
hosts:
dc01.example.com:
ansible_host: 192.168.56.11
dc02.example.com:
ansible_host: 192.168.56.12
dc03.example.com:
ansible_host: 192.168.56.13
Использование переменных при заполнении инвентаря#
Использование переменных Ansible позволяет упростить заполнение инвентарных списков.
Пусть имеется инвентарь следующего вида:
[all]
node1 ansible_host=192.168.56.1 ansible_ssh_private_key=./node1-ssh-key
node2 ansible_host=192.168.56.2 ansible_ssh_private_key=./node2-ssh-key
node3 ansible_host=192.168.56.3 ansible_ssh_private_key=./node3-ssh-key
node4 ansible_host=192.168.56.4 ansible_ssh_private_key=./node4-ssh-key
node5 ansible_host=192.168.56.5 ansible_ssh_private_key=./node5-ssh-key
---
all:
hosts:
node1:
ansible_host: 192.168.56.1
ansible_ssh_private_key: ./node1-ssh-key
node2:
ansible_host: 192.168.56.2
ansible_ssh_private_key: ./node2-ssh-key
node3:
ansible_host: 192.168.56.3
ansible_ssh_private_key: ./node3-ssh-key
node4:
ansible_host: 192.168.56.4
ansible_ssh_private_key: ./node4-ssh-key
node5:
ansible_host: 192.168.56.5
ansible_ssh_private_key: ./node5-ssh-key
Поскольку имена файлов приватных ключей SSH содержат названия соответствующих узлов, эту запись можно упростить следующим образом:
[all]
node1 ansible_host=192.168.56.1
node2 ansible_host=192.168.56.2
node3 ansible_host=192.168.56.3
node4 ansible_host=192.168.56.4
node5 ansible_host=192.168.56.5
[all:vars]
ansible_ssh_private_key=./{{ inventory_hostname }}-ssh-key
---
all:
hosts:
node1:
ansible_host: 192.168.56.1
node2:
ansible_host: 192.168.56.2
node3:
ansible_host: 192.168.56.3
node4:
ansible_host: 192.168.56.4
node5:
ansible_host: 192.168.56.5
vars:
ansible_ssh_private_key: ./{{ inventory_hostname }}-ssh-key
Просмотр фактов об узле#
Для просмотра всех доступных фактов об узле выполните команду:
ansible <pattern> -m ansible.builtin.setup
Здесь <pattern> – шаблон для выбора из инвентаря тех узлов, сведения о которых вы хотите получить.
Пример списка фактов об управляемом узле
{
"ansible_facts": {
"all_ipv4_addresses": ["10.0.2.15", "192.168.56.101"],
"all_ipv6_addresses": [
"fe80::a00:27ff:fe0d:82ad",
"fe80::a00:27ff:feac:2f5c"
],
"ansible_local": {},
"apparmor": {
"status": "disabled"
},
"architecture": "x86_64",
"bios_date": "12/01/2006",
"bios_vendor": "innotek GmbH",
"bios_version": "VirtualBox",
"board_asset_tag": "NA",
"board_name": "VirtualBox",
"board_serial": "NA",
"board_vendor": "Oracle Corporation",
"board_version": "1.2",
"chassis_asset_tag": "NA",
"chassis_serial": "NA",
"chassis_vendor": "Oracle Corporation",
"chassis_version": "NA",
"cmdline": {
"BOOT_IMAGE": "/boot/vmlinuz-6.1.50-1-generic",
"net.ifnames": "0",
"parsec.max_ilev": "63",
"quiet": true,
"ro": true,
"root": "UUID=17007b23-97d0-46fd-90b6-2c359be9c2b0"
},
"date_time": {
"date": "2024-01-29",
"day": "29",
"epoch": "1706532112",
"epoch_int": "1706532112",
"hour": "15",
"iso8601": "2024-01-29T12:41:52Z",
"iso8601_basic": "20240129T154152867152",
"iso8601_basic_short": "20240129T154152",
"iso8601_micro": "2024-01-29T12:41:52.867152Z",
"minute": "41",
"month": "01",
"second": "52",
"time": "15:41:52",
"tz": "MSK",
"tz_dst": "MSK",
"tz_offset": "+0300",
"weekday": "Понедельник",
"weekday_number": "1",
"weeknumber": "05",
"year": "2024"
},
"default_ipv4": {
"address": "10.0.2.15",
"alias": "eth0",
"broadcast": "10.0.2.255",
"gateway": "10.0.2.2",
"interface": "eth0",
"macaddress": "08:00:27:0d:82:ad",
"mtu": 1500,
"netmask": "255.255.255.0",
"network": "10.0.2.0",
"prefix": "24",
"type": "ether"
},
"default_ipv6": {},
"device_links": {
"ids": {
"sda": ["ata-VBOX_HARDDISK_VBcf71a1d6-26264a12"],
"sda1": ["ata-VBOX_HARDDISK_VBcf71a1d6-26264a12-part1"]
},
"labels": {},
"masters": {},
"uuids": {
"sda1": ["17007b23-97d0-46fd-90b6-2c359be9c2b0"]
}
},
"devices": {
"loop0": {
"holders": [],
"host": "",
"links": {
"ids": [],
"labels": [],
"masters": [],
"uuids": []
},
"model": null,
"partitions": {},
"removable": "0",
"rotational": "1",
"sas_address": null,
"sas_device_handle": null,
"scheduler_mode": "none",
"sectors": "0",
"sectorsize": "512",
"size": "0.00 Bytes",
"support_discard": "0",
"vendor": null,
"virtual": 1
},
"loop1": {
"holders": [],
"host": "",
"links": {
"ids": [],
"labels": [],
"masters": [],
"uuids": []
},
"model": null,
"partitions": {},
"removable": "0",
"rotational": "1",
"sas_address": null,
"sas_device_handle": null,
"scheduler_mode": "none",
"sectors": "0",
"sectorsize": "512",
"size": "0.00 Bytes",
"support_discard": "0",
"vendor": null,
"virtual": 1
},
"loop2": {
"holders": [],
"host": "",
"links": {
"ids": [],
"labels": [],
"masters": [],
"uuids": []
},
"model": null,
"partitions": {},
"removable": "0",
"rotational": "1",
"sas_address": null,
"sas_device_handle": null,
"scheduler_mode": "none",
"sectors": "0",
"sectorsize": "512",
"size": "0.00 Bytes",
"support_discard": "0",
"vendor": null,
"virtual": 1
},
"loop3": {
"holders": [],
"host": "",
"links": {
"ids": [],
"labels": [],
"masters": [],
"uuids": []
},
"model": null,
"partitions": {},
"removable": "0",
"rotational": "1",
"sas_address": null,
"sas_device_handle": null,
"scheduler_mode": "none",
"sectors": "0",
"sectorsize": "512",
"size": "0.00 Bytes",
"support_discard": "0",
"vendor": null,
"virtual": 1
},
"loop4": {
"holders": [],
"host": "",
"links": {
"ids": [],
"labels": [],
"masters": [],
"uuids": []
},
"model": null,
"partitions": {},
"removable": "0",
"rotational": "1",
"sas_address": null,
"sas_device_handle": null,
"scheduler_mode": "none",
"sectors": "0",
"sectorsize": "512",
"size": "0.00 Bytes",
"support_discard": "0",
"vendor": null,
"virtual": 1
},
"loop5": {
"holders": [],
"host": "",
"links": {
"ids": [],
"labels": [],
"masters": [],
"uuids": []
},
"model": null,
"partitions": {},
"removable": "0",
"rotational": "1",
"sas_address": null,
"sas_device_handle": null,
"scheduler_mode": "none",
"sectors": "0",
"sectorsize": "512",
"size": "0.00 Bytes",
"support_discard": "0",
"vendor": null,
"virtual": 1
},
"loop6": {
"holders": [],
"host": "",
"links": {
"ids": [],
"labels": [],
"masters": [],
"uuids": []
},
"model": null,
"partitions": {},
"removable": "0",
"rotational": "1",
"sas_address": null,
"sas_device_handle": null,
"scheduler_mode": "none",
"sectors": "0",
"sectorsize": "512",
"size": "0.00 Bytes",
"support_discard": "0",
"vendor": null,
"virtual": 1
},
"loop7": {
"holders": [],
"host": "",
"links": {
"ids": [],
"labels": [],
"masters": [],
"uuids": []
},
"model": null,
"partitions": {},
"removable": "0",
"rotational": "1",
"sas_address": null,
"sas_device_handle": null,
"scheduler_mode": "none",
"sectors": "0",
"sectorsize": "512",
"size": "0.00 Bytes",
"support_discard": "0",
"vendor": null,
"virtual": 1
},
"sda": {
"holders": [],
"host": "SATA controller: Intel Corporation 82801HM/HEM (ICH8M/ICH8M-E) SATA Controller [AHCI mode] (rev 02)",
"links": {
"ids": ["ata-VBOX_HARDDISK_VBcf71a1d6-26264a12"],
"labels": [],
"masters": [],
"uuids": []
},
"model": "VBOX HARDDISK",
"partitions": {
"sda1": {
"holders": [],
"links": {
"ids": ["ata-VBOX_HARDDISK_VBcf71a1d6-26264a12-part1"],
"labels": [],
"masters": [],
"uuids": ["17007b23-97d0-46fd-90b6-2c359be9c2b0"]
},
"sectors": "61435904",
"sectorsize": 512,
"size": "29.29 GB",
"start": "2048",
"uuid": "17007b23-97d0-46fd-90b6-2c359be9c2b0"
}
},
"removable": "0",
"rotational": "1",
"sas_address": null,
"sas_device_handle": null,
"scheduler_mode": "mq-deadline",
"sectors": "61440000",
"sectorsize": "512",
"size": "29.30 GB",
"support_discard": "0",
"vendor": "ATA",
"virtual": 1
}
},
"distribution": "Astra Linux",
"distribution_file_parsed": true,
"distribution_file_path": "/etc/os-release",
"distribution_file_variety": "NA",
"distribution_major_version": "1",
"distribution_release": "1.7_x86-64",
"distribution_version": "1.7_x86-64",
"dns": {
"domain": "astralinux.ru",
"nameservers": ["10.0.2.3"],
"search": ["astralinux.ru"]
},
"domain": "",
"effective_group_id": 1000,
"effective_user_id": 1000,
"env": {
"HOME": "/home/vagrant",
"LANG": "ru_RU.UTF-8",
"LC_CTYPE": "C.UTF-8",
"LOGNAME": "vagrant",
"PATH": "/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/games",
"PWD": "/home/vagrant",
"SHELL": "/bin/bash",
"SHLVL": "1",
"SSH_CLIENT": "192.168.56.11 37284 22",
"SSH_CONNECTION": "192.168.56.11 37284 192.168.56.101 22",
"SSH_TTY": "/dev/pts/0",
"TERM": "xterm",
"USER": "vagrant",
"XDG_RUNTIME_DIR": "/run/user/1000",
"XDG_SESSION_CLASS": "user",
"XDG_SESSION_ID": "31",
"XDG_SESSION_TYPE": "tty",
"_": "/usr/bin/python3"
},
"eth0": {
"active": true,
"device": "eth0",
"ipv4": {
"address": "10.0.2.15",
"broadcast": "10.0.2.255",
"netmask": "255.255.255.0",
"network": "10.0.2.0",
"prefix": "24"
},
"ipv6": [
{
"address": "fe80::a00:27ff:fe0d:82ad",
"prefix": "64",
"scope": "link"
}
],
"macaddress": "08:00:27:0d:82:ad",
"module": "e1000",
"mtu": 1500,
"pciid": "0000:00:03.0",
"promisc": false,
"speed": 1000,
"type": "ether"
},
"eth1": {
"active": true,
"device": "eth1",
"ipv4": {
"address": "192.168.56.101",
"broadcast": "192.168.56.255",
"netmask": "255.255.255.0",
"network": "192.168.56.0",
"prefix": "24"
},
"ipv6": [
{
"address": "fe80::a00:27ff:feac:2f5c",
"prefix": "64",
"scope": "link"
}
],
"macaddress": "08:00:27:ac:2f:5c",
"module": "e1000",
"mtu": 1500,
"pciid": "0000:00:08.0",
"promisc": false,
"speed": 1000,
"type": "ether"
},
"fibre_channel_wwn": [],
"fips": false,
"form_factor": "Other",
"fqdn": "node-1",
"gather_subset": ["all"],
"hostname": "node-1",
"hostnqn": "",
"interfaces": ["eth0", "eth1", "lo"],
"is_chroot": false,
"iscsi_iqn": "",
"kernel": "6.1.50-1-generic",
"kernel_version": "#astra2+ci6 SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC Fri Oct 6 14:38:42 UTC 2023",
"lo": {
"active": true,
"device": "lo",
"ipv4": {
"address": "127.0.0.1",
"broadcast": "",
"netmask": "255.0.0.0",
"network": "127.0.0.0",
"prefix": "8"
},
"ipv6": [
{
"address": "::1",
"prefix": "128",
"scope": "host"
}
],
"mtu": 65536,
"promisc": false,
"type": "loopback"
},
"lsb": {
"codename": "1.7_x86-64",
"description": "Astra Linux 1.7 x86-64",
"id": "AstraLinux",
"major_release": "1",
"release": "1.7_x86-64"
},
"machine": "x86_64",
"machine_id": "d383adfed45648cdbd75a02273b61314",
"memfree_mb": 1639,
"memory_mb": {
"nocache": {
"free": 1805,
"used": 160
},
"real": {
"free": 1639,
"total": 1965,
"used": 326
},
"swap": {
"cached": 0,
"free": 0,
"total": 0,
"used": 0
}
},
"memtotal_mb": 1965,
"module_setup": true,
"mounts": [
{
"block_available": 6732778,
"block_size": 4096,
"block_total": 7514846,
"block_used": 782068,
"device": "/dev/sda1",
"fstype": "ext4",
"inode_available": 1884545,
"inode_total": 1921360,
"inode_used": 36815,
"mount": "/",
"options": "rw,relatime,errors=remount-ro",
"size_available": 27577458688,
"size_total": 30780809216,
"uuid": "17007b23-97d0-46fd-90b6-2c359be9c2b0"
}
],
"nodename": "node-1",
"os_family": "Astra Linux",
"pkg_mgr": "apt",
"proc_cmdline": {
"BOOT_IMAGE": "/boot/vmlinuz-6.1.50-1-generic",
"net.ifnames": "0",
"parsec.max_ilev": "63",
"quiet": true,
"ro": true,
"root": "UUID=17007b23-97d0-46fd-90b6-2c359be9c2b0"
},
"processor": [
"0",
"GenuineIntel",
"Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-8700K CPU @ 3.70GHz",
"1",
"GenuineIntel",
"Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-8700K CPU @ 3.70GHz"
],
"processor_cores": 2,
"processor_count": 1,
"processor_nproc": 2,
"processor_threads_per_core": 1,
"processor_vcpus": 2,
"product_name": "VirtualBox",
"product_serial": "NA",
"product_uuid": "NA",
"product_version": "1.2",
"python": {
"executable": "/usr/bin/python3",
"has_sslcontext": true,
"type": "cpython",
"version": {
"major": 3,
"micro": 3,
"minor": 7,
"releaselevel": "final",
"serial": 0
},
"version_info": [3, 7, 3, "final", 0]
},
"python_version": "3.7.3",
"real_group_id": 1000,
"real_user_id": 1000,
"selinux": {
"status": "disabled"
},
"selinux_python_present": true,
"service_mgr": "systemd",
"ssh_host_key_ecdsa_public": "AAAAE2VjZHNhLXNoYTItbmlzdHAyNTYAAAAIbmlzdHAyNTYAAABBBJe9D5fI+xDzdcOfpQ/JzxooISS7wskk7RzuX1Qe2eB+yIitXmNBkzRUTvTGsokhQCGPzl8rRlPEOcWCkwA37O4=",
"ssh_host_key_ecdsa_public_keytype": "ecdsa-sha2-nistp256",
"ssh_host_key_ed25519_public": "AAAAC3NzaC1lZDI1NTE5AAAAILjVQqxasGBvwxxIFoAV+b37omFihnDLe/AW1XT0raVF",
"ssh_host_key_ed25519_public_keytype": "ssh-ed25519",
"ssh_host_key_rsa_public": "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",
"ssh_host_key_rsa_public_keytype": "ssh-rsa",
"swapfree_mb": 0,
"swaptotal_mb": 0,
"system": "Linux",
"system_capabilities": [""],
"system_capabilities_enforced": "True",
"system_vendor": "innotek GmbH",
"uptime_seconds": 58762,
"user_dir": "/home/vagrant",
"user_gecos": "vagrant,,,",
"user_gid": 1000,
"user_id": "vagrant",
"user_shell": "/bin/bash",
"user_uid": 1000,
"userspace_architecture": "x86_64",
"userspace_bits": "64",
"virtualization_role": "guest",
"virtualization_tech_guest": ["virtualbox"],
"virtualization_tech_host": [],
"virtualization_type": "virtualbox"
}
}